A B S T R A C T THE current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in THE category of applied research. Both library and field methods have collected THE information required for this research. THE statistical population of THE research consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and THE sample size according to THE Cochran formula was 364. THE study results of THE studied residential complexes from THE perspective of spatial connectivity indicators indicated that among THE investigated complexes, Rahan residential complex had THE lowest connectivity index compared to THE rest of THE complexes, and THE highest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. From THE comparison of THE complexes based on THE interconnection index, we conclude that THE location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to THE rest of THE complexes, THE location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. Moreover, Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that THE increase of connection in public spaces occurs with increase of sociability. Among THE oTHEr results of this research, THE spatial order component with THE path coefficient value of 0.368 has THE highest path coefficient among THE investigated components. In THE first place, THE playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in THE second place, THE multi-purpose component with a path coefficient of 231 0.0 in THE third place, THE security component with a path coefficient of 0.162 is in THE fourth place and THE environmental comfort component is in THE fifth place with a path coefficient of 0.153 Extended Abstract Introduction In THE public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, THE issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost THE social life of citizens by strengTHEning social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. THE residential environment conveys THE residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to THE different arrangements of THE blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of THE public space in it, which, according to THE way THEy are arranged, have different potentials from THE point of view of sociability in THEm. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces THE sense of belonging to a place, security, and oTHEr issues caused by not paying attention to THE quality of collective life in housing. THE main question is: - What are THE components of THE spatial STRUCTURE affecting THE sociability of residential complexes in THE city of Kermanshah?   Methodology THE current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in THE category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected THE information needed for this research. In THE field method, primary data collection has been done according to THE research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. THE statistical population of THE study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and THE sample size was estimated to be 364 people using THE Cochran formula. Factors such as THE ease of access to THE complexes, THE willingness and cooperation of THE residents and THE management of THE complexes were also influential in selecting THE samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate THE sociability of residential complexes based on THE   THEoretical framework prepared in THE present research, THE physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of THE studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including THE playground, gaTHEring space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze THE data.   Results and discussion In this research, THE relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as THE basis of THE research case. Among THE samples studied, Rahan residential complex has THE lowest connectivity index compared to oTHEr complexes; THE largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In THE meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, THEn Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have THE lowest to THE highest amount. It can be seen that THE public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have THE desired level of connectivity. As THE communication increases, THE spaces will become more sociable. From THE comparison of THE complexes based on THE interconnection index, we conclude that THE location of THE spaces and accesses in THE Rahan complex is very weak and lower than THE rest of THE complexes. According to THE numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at THE same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have THE best performance in this aspect; THE placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that THE increase of connection in public spaces occurs with THE increase of sociability. Among THE investigated sociability components, THE spatial order component with THE path coefficient value of 0.368 has THE highest path coefficient. In THE first place THE playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in THE second place, and THE multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In THE third place, THE security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in THE fourth place, and THE environmental comfort component is in THE fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in THE common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with oTHErs comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near THE door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of THE window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine THE condition of THE studied residential complexes from THE perspective of sociability. THE results showed that Rahan residential complex had THE lowest level of connectivity index compared to THE rest of THE complexes and THE largest share of this. THE comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In THE meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, THEn Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have THE lowest to THE highest amount. It can be seen that THE public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have THE desired level of connectivity. As THE communication increases, THE spaces will become more sociable. From THE comparison of THE complexes based on THE interconnection index, we conclude that THE location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to THE rest of THE complexes, THE location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that THE increase of connection in public spaces occurs with THE increase of sociability. Extended Abstract Introduction In THE public space of neighborhoods and residential environments, THE issue of sociability has been less addressed. Public spaces can boost THE social life of citizens by strengTHEning social interactions and being involved in social sustainability. THE residential environment conveys THE residents a sense of well-being and satisfaction through physical, social or symbolic features. In each residential complex, according to THE different arrangements of THE blocks in it, it is possible to reach different influential indicators of THE public space in it, which, according to THE way THEy are arranged, have different potentials from THE point of view of sociability in THEm. Declining sociability causes many problems in relationships between people and reduces THE sense of belonging to a place, security, and oTHEr issues caused by not paying attention to THE quality of collective life in housing. THE main question is: - What are THE components of THE spatial STRUCTURE affecting THE sociability of residential complexes in THE city of Kermanshah?   Methodology THE current research is descriptive-analytical. In terms of purpose, it is in THE category of applied research. Two library and field methods have collected THE information needed for this research. In THE field method, primary data collection has been done according to THE research questions by designing a 5-scale Likert scale questionnaire. THE statistical population of THE study consisted of citizens living in Kasra, Azadi, Rezvan, Rahan, Hasht Behesht and Zeytoun residential complexes, which consisted of 6588 people, and THE sample size was estimated to be 364 people using THE Cochran formula. Factors such as THE ease of access to THE complexes, THE willingness and cooperation of THE residents and THE management of THE complexes were also influential in selecting THE samples studied in this research. In this research, in order to investigate THE sociability of residential complexes based on THE THEoretical framework prepared in THE present research, THE physical indicators affecting this issue include five indicators of "connectivity, interconnectedness, control, selection and depth" in each of THE studied samples have been evaluated and analyzed in public spaces including THE playground, gaTHEring space, parking lot, and lobby. This research used Depthmap analytical software and structural equation modeling software to analyze THE data.   Results and discussion In this research, THE relation of sociability of public spaces of residential complexes in Kermanshah, which includes Kasra residential complex, Azadi residential complex, Rezvan residential complex, Rahan residential complex, Hasht Behesht residential complex and Zeytoun residential complex as THE basis of THE research case. Among THE samples studied, Rahan residential complex has THE lowest connectivity index compared to oTHEr complexes; THE largest share of this comparison goes to Kasra residential complex. In THE meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, THEn Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have THE lowest to THE highest amount. It can be seen that THE public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have THE desired level of connectivity. As THE communication increases, THE spaces will become more sociable. From THE comparison of THE complexes based on THE interconnection index, we conclude that THE location of THE spaces and accesses in THE Rahan complex is very weak and lower than THE rest of THE complexes. According to THE numbers extracted, Zeytoun complex and following that Kasra and Rezvan complexes are at THE same level of performance, and Azadi and Hasht Behesht complexes have THE best performance in this aspect; THE placement of access and communications in Kasra and Rezvan complexes has been appropriate and successful. It is said that THE increase of connection in public spaces occurs with THE increase of sociability. Among THE investigated sociability components, THE spatial order component with THE path coefficient value of 0.368 has THE highest path coefficient. In THE first place THE playability component with a path coefficient of 0.253 is in THE second place, and THE multipurpose component with a path coefficient of 0.231. In THE third place, THE security component, with a path coefficient of 0.162, is in THE fourth place, and THE environmental comfort component is in THE fifth place, with a path coefficient of 0.153.     Conclusion Living in THE common spaces of residential complexes allows one to be with oTHErs comfortably and effortlessly. A person can take a usual walk to be among people, sit on a bench near THE door for a short time, and even sometimes look out of THE window can be a worthwhile activity. In this research, an attempt was made to examine THE condition of THE studied residential complexes from THE perspective of sociability. THE results showed that Rahan residential complex had THE lowest level of connectivity index compared to THE rest of THE complexes and THE largest share of this. THE comparison reaches Kasra residential complex. In THE meantime, Zeytoun residential complex, THEn Azadi, Hasht Behesht and Rezvan have THE lowest to THE highest amount. It can be seen that THE public spaces of Rahan residential complex do not have THE desired level of connectivity. As THE communication increases, THE spaces will become more sociable. From THE comparison of THE complexes based on THE interconnection index, we conclude that THE location of spaces and accesses in Rahan complex is very weak. Compared to THE rest of THE complexes, THE location of access and communication in Kasra complex is lower. And Rezvan has been suitable and successful. It is said that THE increase of connection in public spaces occurs with THE increase of sociability.

ABSTRACTDuring THE last century, ports of Persian Gulf become THE most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, THE impact of port activities on THE development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. THE purpose of this research is to identify THE key variables affecting THE relations and spatial STRUCTURE of port-city in Dubai as THE most thriving and successful port-city in THE Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of oTHEr prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze THE data. Output of Micmac software shows THE position of THE instability of THE system. THErefore, THE position of each variables in THE conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. THE research findings indicate 4 variables (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in THE port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of THE city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. THE rapid development of Dubai can be explained by THE purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring THE last century, ports of Persian Gulf become THE most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. THE global increase in oil demand since THE 1950s led to THE creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With THE construction of new oil or gas facilities in THE port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to THE countries of THE Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an impact on THE spatial STRUCTURE and relation of THEm. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, THE impact of port activities on THE development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In THE 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of THE world's ports and created a huge transformation in THE shipping industry, which had a significant impact on THE development of ports. Although THE ports of THE Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to THE economic growth and physical development of oTHEr ports in THE world, but few researches have been done on THE variables and factors affecting THE development of THE spatial STRUCTURE of THE important ports of THE Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in THE field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of THE most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, THE purpose of this research is to identify THE key variables affecting THE relations and spatial STRUCTURE of port-city in Dubai as THE most thriving and successful port-city in THE Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of oTHEr prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). THE method used in this research is quantitative and THE sampling method is based on purposive sampling. THE variables affecting THE spatial STRUCTURE of port-city relations were identified in THE form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about THE development process of THE city-port of Dubai) participated to determine THE effectiveness or influence of variables. Finally, THE output of data analysis was done by THE Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows THE position of THE variables in THE diagram that it indicates THEir status in THE system and THEir role in THE dynamics and changes of THE system. THE method of distribution and dispersion of THE variables in THE spatial STRUCTURE of port-city relations indicates THE instability of THE system. THErefore, based on THE output of THE system, THE position of each variables in THE conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory variables). According to THE results, some variables such as “THE changes in THE strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-city”, “THE modification of THE management method” and “regional planning of THE ports”, “THE promotion of local governance in THE relations between port-city” and “THE way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver variables. On THE oTHEr hand, five variables consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in THE port” and “income, cost and investment in THE port-city”, “THE contrast and physical integration of THE port - city space”, “THE development of various industrial and production activities in THE ports and THEir local hinterland” and “THEir qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage variables. Findings of research also shows that some variables consist of “quality of living environment and desirable city”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching THE new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infraSTRUCTURE and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between THE city and THE port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to THE port - city” categorized as dependent variables. Three variables including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in THE city-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable development of THE city-port” categorized as autonomous variables. Finally, a variable with THE title of “improvement in management and information technology and development in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory variables. THE findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with oTHEr researches carried out in THE field of city-port relation and clearly emphasize THE direct impact of THE "investment in port-city" in THE development of THEm. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of THE largest ports in NorTHErn Europe during THE last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain THE key variables affecting THE development of THE spatial STRUCTURE of THE port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 variables have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In THE following, 25 experts were selected with THE purposive sampling method. Among THE 21 variables extracted, 4 variables (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 variables (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in THE port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 variables (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 variables (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of THE city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. THE rapid development of Dubai can be explained by THE purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of THEse revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infraSTRUCTUREs such as airports and ports of this city. THEse strategies have a wide impact on improving THE economic growth of THE city and THE development of THE port in order to adapt with THE global trade and advanced technologies. FundingTHEre is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to THE conceptualization and writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THE content of THE manuscript and agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.

Purpose: THE present research aimed at finding an answer to THE question of THE process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in THE future, and THE influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, THE poet, THE media that published THE poem, THE process of composing THE poem, THE rights of THE author, and Globalization of THE Iranian poetry. Method: THE Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in THE fields of Communication and Literature was selected. THE expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on THE Likert scale, and by THE execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering THE content, THE experts predicted that due to THE impact of cyberspace, THE quality of THE poetry will be reduced and consequently, THE language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect THE daily events of life. Regarding THE audience, THEy concluded that THE audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between THE public and professional audience. With respect to THE sender, THEre will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding THE channel, THE experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, THE poets’ agency in publishing THEir own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that THE spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is THE only case in which THE group believes in THE impact of technology on THE future of poetry. THE group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding THE impact of technology on THE phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and THE Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed THEse items in THE framework of THE human agency.

How to profoundly change THE beliefs of THE polyTHEists during THE age of revelation from THE denial of THE Prophet (pbuh) to THE certainty of his Message and THE acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. THE order of verses about prophecy based on THE order of revelation is THE reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing THE belief of prophecy in THE lives of Arabs. In THE first stage, THE Holy Quran in THE first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared THE community from THE motivational side to accept THE truth of THE Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating THE key issues surrounding it. THE Holy Book of Quran at THE time of THE emergence of oppositions and doubts (THE second stage) destroyed THE arguments of THE polyTHEists and explained THE prophecy and proved its auTHEnticity from a cognitive perspective in THE second stage by presenting clear arguments. and THE Holy Book of Quran in THE third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill THE goals of THE Massage by explaining THE true position of THE Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize THE Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for THE Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on THE acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

Purpose: Something that happens in THE future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about THE future. THE perception of young people from THE future and THEir conception of THE future is very important. THE purpose of this study was to imaging THE future of sports science from THE perspective of educated youth. Method: THE method of THE present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. THE statistical population of THE study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and THE snowball sampling method was used for interviews and THEoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze THE data, THE content analysis method has been used to obtain THE information of this research. Findings: THE results show THE future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in THE sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from THE ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing THE mental images of THE youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards THE dystopia if THE current situation continues, and it can move towards THE utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, THE stakeholders of sports sciences need to be togeTHEr and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

Four important ways of religious education in THE field of beliefs are inferred in this article through THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. We have examined two categories of “nature of religion” and “methods of religious education” for this purpose. All verses including THE root of “د ـ ی ـ ن” (religion) have been investigated in order to properly understand THE nature of religion in THE Holy Quran. THEn, we have benefited from THE inference method to find THE ways of religious education in THE Holy Quran. In THE inferential method, we have reached THE “conclusion”, which is THE method of religious education by using two premises, “normative” and “realistic”. THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to achieve THE methods of religious education are explained in THE following. For example, using THE Scriptures directly to know THE right actions is one of THE solutions of THE Holy Quran to reach THE way of believing in THE punishment of deeds. THE achievement of religious education methods through discovering THE nature of religion and explaining THE purpose of education on THE one hand and using THE inferential method as a research method on THE oTHEr hand is one of THE innovations of this research. THE achievements of this paper can be used to provide an educational THEoretical model for formal and public education system.

One of THE most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in THE evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in THE general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). THE understanding of THE aforementioned narrations and THE extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. THE narrations containing THE excellences of suras of THE Holy Book of Quran is one of THE fields of application of THE rule of tolerance. THE present research has explained THE types of exposure to this group of narrations based on THE rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of THE excellences of suras (chapters) of THE Holy Book of Quran. THE interaction with THEse narrations is organized based on a special reading of THE rule of tolerance in THE selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of THE contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with THE indications of some verses and traditions. THE use of weak narrations containing THE excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing THEse narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

ABSTRACT Today, climate change and its obvious negative effects on ecosystems have caused concern. This research seeks to test wheTHEr vegetation changes are sensitive to climate shocks and also how THE ecosystem recovery process is through this index. In this regard, by using THE GEE platform, Java coding, GIS and statistical analysis, vegetation and Palmer indices were calculated and based on time series climate data, vegetation and climate changes were presented. THE results of Palmer's drought index show that during THE statistical period (1985-2020) THE study area is facing drought or is moving towards drought. Also, THE results indicate THE longest period of drought in THE region from 2013 to 2020. Totaly from 420 evaluated months, THE NDVI index is below THE change threshold in 70 months. Among THEse, 31 months of THE study period is below THE acceptable threshold in green and non-reservoir seasons, which is ecologically worrying. THE distribution of THE vegetation index based on hexagons in 1985 and 2005 had a normal and almost normal distribution; But in 2020, THE graph deviated from THE normal state and skewed towards THE vegetation cover index under stress or even thin covers. According to THE analysis of THE indicators, it is predicted that THE Gorgan region is on THE border of such ecological developments and THE historical ecosystem of THE region is moving towards new ecosystems or being in a new equilibrium state with climatic conditions and human disturbances Extended Abstract Introduction Today, climate change and its obvious negative effects on terrestrial ecosystems have caused great concern to humans. THEse changes are effective on vegetation performance, plant distribution patterns, and have economic and environmental consequences. THErefore, it is important to know THE behavioral pattern of vegetation changes against climate changes. Reviewing THE studies of scientists in THE world shows many researchers have used THE NDVI index to study temporal and spatial changes in vegetation and its relationship with THE climatic index of precipitation in different parts of THE world. Studies have shown that NDVI follows precipitation with different time scales. Surveys showed that THEre are very few studies on determining THE threshold of changes in THE vegetation cover index in THE face of climate shocks. Determining THEse thresholds can provide a suitable solution for evaluating THE state of THE ecosystem, THE consequences of climate shocks and THE reversibility or disturbance in THE ecosystem. This study was conducted with THE aim of improving our understanding of THE dynamics of vegetation in THE forest city of Gorgan during 1985-2020 against climatic stresses.   Methodology THE current research is a comparative and monitoring research and seeks to test wheTHEr changes in vegetation cover are sensitive to climate shocks and also how THE ecosystem recovery process is through this index. To achieve THE gole, first, NDVI index was selected among THE optimal vegetation indices and its calculation process was done as a time series in THE GEE system. In parallel with those climate shocks, THE main elements including temperature, precipitation and storm were calculated during THE historical process of 35 years and THE average and standard deviation statistical indicators were calculated for THEm and THE trend of changes in THE thresholds was determined. THE results of climate plots and climate changes show that in THE years before 1985, 2005 and 2020, drastic changes have occurred in climatic elements and climatic factors. THErefore, THEse years can be considered as THE periods when THE climate shock happened.. Next, THE region was divided into 436 hexagons and THE NDVI index for each of THE hexagons was calculated and modeled for THE years 1985, 2005 and 2020 as selected years affected by climate shocks. In conclusion, to analyze THE trend of changes in THE time series of THE vegetation index and compare THE behavior of its changes with climatic indices, THE Palmer index was calculated.   Results and discussion THE results of climate change monitoring based on THE Palmer index showed that during THE statistical period THE study area is facing drought in most years. THE most severe climatic fluctuations and drought in THE region were recorded in 2018 and in THE months of October to December. THE longest period of drought has also prevailed in THE region from 2013 to 2020. During this period, rainfall, temperature and storm fluctuations have THE most changes. THE results of drought monitoring show that in 270 months, THE region is facing climatic drought stress, 57 months of THE study period, THE region is facing severe and very severe drought stress. THE results of THE time series of THE NDVI vegetation index showed that, out of THE 420 evaluated months, 70 months of THE year THE NDVI index is below THE change threshold, 31 of which are in THE green and non-accumulating seasons, THE seasons when THE vegetation is expected to be at its maximum. Placing below THE acceptable range means crossing THE ecological thresholds and challenges THE recovery and restoration of THE ecosystem, also THE ecological performance will be affected at this point. Based on THE assessment of THE Palmer index, from 2014 to 2019, THE situation of THE Palmer index is in THE extreme drought range. Also, since 2015, i.e. with a one-year time delay, NDVI index has experienced THE lower limit of THE equilibrium threshold of vegetation cover. THEse conditions are also valid for THE years 2008, 2009, 2002 and 1997. In general, it can be said that THE vegetation cover index is dependent on climatic changes and fluctuations and shows high sensitivity to changes. THE important point in this section is that in THE years when THE NDVI index changes are at THE lower limit of THE threshold, we witness THE most climate shocks and temperature changes, THE occurrence of severe storms and precipitation fluctuations. THE distribution of THE vegetation index based on hexagons in 1985 and 2005 have a normal distribution; but in 2020, THE graph has deviated from THE normal state and skewed towards THE vegetation cover index under stress or even thin covers. THE visual interpretation done on THE vegetation cover index in 1985 confirms THE condition of THE vegetation cover in THE souTHErn and western limits of THE region in a state with suitable dense and pasture vegetation and forest cover on THE edges. However, in 2005 and 2020, this cover has been changed and mainly turned into agricultural land and poor rangeland. In such a way that in 2020, THE situation of THE region has revealed THE critical state of vegetation. THE vegetation cover index in THE central areas of THE city has also reached from a relatively favorable situation in 1985 to a critical situation with almost no dense and stress-free vegetation cover in 2020. THE results of THE present studies are consistent with THE studies of Visentr Serrano et al. in 2013 and confirm THE relationship between NDVI vegetation and climate change. In addition, THE results of THE studies are consistent with THE studies of Alwesabi 2012, Xiai & Moody, 2005 and Yan et al. 2001. In such a way that THE present study and THE aforementioned studies all confirm THE influence of THE vegetation index on climate fluctuations and precipitation with a one-year time difference.       Conclusion In general, THE threshold is defined as a border with different conditions. After crossing THE thresholds, THE stability and positioning of THE NDVI in THE equilibrium range is often difficult, and THE ecosystem is constantly spending energy to restore itself or to position itself in a new stability state. THE result of THE mentioned disorders is THE reduction of resilience and resistance in THE region, which leads THE ecosystem to alternative states or crossing THE threshold or being in a new equilibrium state. THE results showed that THE areas where green vegetation is concentrated and denser are less affected by climatic stresses and show more resilience. However, THE areas that have become spots and islands due to destruction in THE urban areas are more affected by climatic stress and destruction and show less tolerance against THE destruction factors. THE results help managers to focus THEir management plans for THE preservation and maintenance of urban green spaces as well as forest and pasture ecotones on THE edge of THE city by knowing THE thresholds.   Funding THEre is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to THE conceptualization and writing of THE article. All of THE authors approved THEcontent of THE manuscript and agreed on all aspects of THE work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all THE scientific consultants of this paper.